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1.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 66(11): 1487-1492, Nov. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | SES-SP, LILACS | ID: biblio-1143634

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the action of the Lactobacillus Plantarum probiotic as a immunomodulatory and hypolipidemic agent in dyslipidemic nephrotic children and adolescents. METHODS: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in pediatric, compensated or partially compensated nephrotic syndrome and dyslipidemic subjects undergoing regular outpatient follow-up. Serum lipid and TNF-α (proinflammatory) and IL-10 (anti-inflammatory) cytokine variations were evaluated. Cytokines were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: In the probiotic group there was a tendency to reduce TNF-α levels and increase IL-10 levels when compared to controls. Regarding the lipid profile, there was a decrease in serum triglyceride (6.0 mg / dL) and total cholesterol (41.5 mg / dL) levels in the probiotic group when compared to baseline levels, while in the control group there was an increase in serum triglyceride (49.5 mg / dL) and total cholesterol (8.0 mg / dL) levels, respectively. CONCLUSION: Preliminary results suggest that L. Plantarum showed an immunomodulatory and hypolipidemic effect in nephrotic and dyslipidemic pediatric subjects.


RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia da ação do probiótico Lactobacillus Plantarum como um agente imunomodulador e hipolipemiante em crianças e adolescentes dislipidêmicos com síndrome nefrótica. MÉTODOS: Este é um estudo randomizado, duplo-cego, controlado com placebo e realizado em pacientes pediátricos com síndrome nefrótica, compensados ou parcialmente compensados e dislipidêmicos passando por acompanhamento ambulatorial. Variações no lipídio sérico e nas citocinas TNF-α (pró-inflamatória) e IL-10 (anti-inflamatória) foram avaliadas. As citocinas foram analisadas por ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). RESULTADOS: No grupo probiótico, houve uma tendência de redução dos níveis de TNF-α e de aumento dos níveis de IL-10, quando comparado ao controle. Em relação ao perfil lipídico, houve uma diminuição nos níveis séricos de triglicérides (6,0 mg/dL) e colesterol total (41,5 mg/dL) no grupo probiótico em comparação aos níveis basais, enquanto no grupo de controle houve um aumento nos níveis séricos de triglicérides (49,5 mg/dL) e colesterol total (8,0 mg/dL). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados preliminares sugerem que o L. Plantarum tem um efeito imunomodulador e hipolipemiante em pacientes pediátricos dislipidêmicos e com síndrome nefrótica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Nephrotic Syndrome/drug therapy , Feasibility Studies , Double-Blind Method , Cytokines , Lipids
2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 103(3): 288-294, May 2008. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-485222

ABSTRACT

Nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4), encoded by group A rotavirus genome segment 10, is a multifunctional protein and the first recognized virus-encoded enterotoxin. The NSP4 gene has been sequenced, and five distinct genetic groups have been described: genotypes A-E. NSP4 genotypes A, B, and C have been detected in humans. In this study, the NSP4-encoding gene of human rotavirus strains of different G and P genotypes collected from children between 1987 and 2003 in three cities of West Central region of Brazil was characterized. NSP4 gene of 153 rotavirus-positive fecal samples was amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced. For phylogenetic analysis, NSP4 nucleotide sequences of these samples were compared to nucleotide sequences of reference strains available in GenBank. Two distinct NSP4 genotypes could be identified: 141 (92.2 percent) sequences clustered with NSP4 genotype B, and 12 sequences (7.8 percent) clustered with NSP4 genotype A. These results reinforce that further investigations are needed to assess the validity of NSP4 as a suitable target for epidemiologic surveillance of rotavirus infections and vaccine development.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Glycoproteins/genetics , Rotavirus Infections/virology , Rotavirus/genetics , Toxins, Biological/genetics , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics , Base Sequence , Brazil , Feces/virology , Genotype , Phylogeny , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Rotavirus/classification , Sequence Analysis, RNA
3.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 102(2): 209-213, Mar. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-447560

ABSTRACT

This study presents data regarding the circulation of astrovirus in Goiânia-GO and Brasília-DF. These viruses were detected in fecal samples from hospitalized children up to five years old with and without acute gastroenteritis. A total of 1244 fecal samples were collected in two periods, 1994 to 1996 (Brasília) and 1998 to 2002 (Goiânia and Brasília), and were analyzed for viral RNA using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Positivity rates of 4.3 and 0.5 percent for astrovirus were observed in children with acute gastroenteritis and those without gastroenteritis, respectively. Among children with gastroenteritis no statistically significant difference was seen with regards to viral positivity rates in relation to gender and age. However, a higher incidence rate was observed for children from Brasília aged 36 months or more. Overall, astroviruses occurred predominantly from September to March in the two cities, suggesting a seasonal pattern for these viruses which coincides with the highest relative air humidity period. The results of this study highlight the importance of astrovirus as an etiologic agent of acute gastroenteritis in children of the Central West region of Brazil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Astroviridae Infections/epidemiology , Gastroenteritis/virology , Mamastrovirus/isolation & purification , Astroviridae Infections/diagnosis , Brazil/epidemiology , Diarrhea/virology , Feces/virology , Gastroenteritis/diagnosis , Gastroenteritis/epidemiology , Incidence , Mamastrovirus/genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Seasons
4.
Braz. dent. j ; 18(4): 334-340, 2007. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-474475

ABSTRACT

Chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine are a drug combination frequently used by practitioners to sedate pediatric dental patients, but their effectiveness has not been compared to a negative control group in humans. The aim of this crossover, double-blinded study was to evaluate the effect of these drugs compared to a placebo, administered to young children for dental treatment. Thirty-five dental sedation sessions were carried out on 12 uncooperative ASA I children aged less than 5 years old. In each session patients were randomly assigned to groups P (placebo), CH (chloral hydrate 75 mg/kg) and CHH (chloral hydrate 50 mg/kg plus hydroxyzine 2.0 mg/kg). Vital signs and behavioral variables were evaluated every 15 min. Comparisons were statistically analyzed using Friedman and Wilcoxon tests. P, CH and CHH had no differences concerning vital signs, except for breathing rate. All vital signs were in the normal range. CH and CHH promoted more sleep in the first 30 min of treatment. Overall behavior was better in CH and CHH than in P. CH, CHH and P were effective in 62.5 percent, 61.5 percent and 11.1 percent of the cases, respectively. Chloral hydrate was safe and relatively effective, causing more satisfactory behavioral and physiological outcomes than a placebo.


A associação hidrato de cloral- hidroxizina tem sido utilizada na clínica odontológica para sedar crianças, mas sua efetividade ainda não foi comparada a um controle negativo em humanos. O objetivo deste estudo prospectivo foi avaliar o efeito dessas drogas, comparadas a um placebo, em crianças submetidas a tratamento odontológico. Trinta e cinco sessões de sedação foram realizadas em 12 crianças menores de 5 anos, não cooperativas, ASA classe I. Em cada sessão os pacientes foram aleatoriamente alocados para os grupos P (placebo), CH (hidrato de cloral 75 mg/kg) e CHH (hidrato de cloral 50 mg/kg mais hidroxizina 2,0 mg/kg). Sinais vitais e comportamento foram avaliados a cada 15 min, e comparados pelos testes de Friedman e Wilcoxon. Os grupos não apresentaram diferenças quanto às variáveis fisiológicas, exceto a freqüência respiratória. Todos sinais vitais registrados estiveram dentro de faixa aceitável. CH e CHH promoveram mais sono nos primeiros 30 min de tratamento. O comportamento geral foi melhor em CH e CHH do que em P. CH, CHH e P foram efetivos em 62,5 por cento, 61,5 por cento e 11,1 por cento dos casos, respectivamente. O hidrato de cloral foi seguro e relativamente efetivo, levando a resultados fisiológicos e comportamentais melhores que o placebo.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Humans , Anesthesia, Dental , Conscious Sedation , Chloral Hydrate/administration & dosage , Hydroxyzine/administration & dosage , Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Child Behavior , Cross-Over Studies , Crying , Chloral Hydrate/adverse effects , Dental Care for Children , Double-Blind Method , Drug Combinations , Heart Rate/drug effects , Hydroxyzine/adverse effects , Hypnotics and Sedatives/adverse effects , Irritable Mood/drug effects , Nausea/chemically induced , Oximetry , Oxygen/blood , Placebos , Respiration/drug effects , Sleep Stages/drug effects , Sleep/drug effects , Time Factors , Vomiting/chemically induced
5.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 101(7): 721-724, Nov. 2006. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-439454

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to describe the circulation of caliciviruses in the West Central region of Brazil and its correlation with children's gender and age, as well as with the year and months of the sample collection. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the human calicivirus genome in 1006 fecal samples that were collected in Goiânia (n = 696) and Brasília (n = 310). Viral RNA was detected in 8.6 percent of the samples. No significant difference in viral prevalence was found regarding gender, age or year of the sample. However, it was observed that in Goiânia, there is a higher incidence of caliciviruses from September to March. The analysis employing three primer pairs demonstrated that the Ni/E3 or JV12/13 primer pairs, which detect norovirus (NoV), detected 41 positive samples while the 289/290 primer pair, which detects NoV or sapovirus, detected the remaining 46 samples. Calicivirus circulates in the West Central region of Brazil and for better detection of this virus it is important to use more than one primer pair. Also, we conclude that the seasonality presented by this virus is related to higher humidity in the period.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Caliciviridae Infections/virology , Caliciviridae/isolation & purification , Feces/virology , Gastroenteritis/virology , Acute Disease , Age Distribution , Brazil/epidemiology , Caliciviridae Infections/diagnosis , Caliciviridae Infections/epidemiology , Gastroenteritis/diagnosis , Gastroenteritis/epidemiology , Prevalence , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Seasons
6.
JBP rev. Ibero-am. odontopediatr. odontol. bebê ; 8(43): 248-252, maio-jun. 2005. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-502338

ABSTRACT

Para muitos Cirurgiões-dentistas, que praticam a odontopediatria, a prescrição de medicamentos é um tabu, sendo ainda temida ou negligenciada. Este trabalho sugere um modelo de protocolo de prescrição de analgésicos não opiáceos e antiinflamatórios não esteróides (AINEs), considerando diferentes situações da clínica odontológica dirigida a crianças. Após leitura e análise crítica dos artigos e livros selecionados, conclui-se que em caso de dor pós-operatória associada a processo inflamatório (edema, febre), os analgésicos/AINEs mais indicados para crianças são o ibuprofeno e a nimesulida. Quando a dor pós-operatória não estiver associada à inflamação, pode-se fazer uso do paracetamol ou dipirona.


Subject(s)
Pediatric Dentistry , Drug Prescriptions , Toothache , Analgesics , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
7.
Rev. patol. trop ; 34(1): 1-16, jan.-abr. 2005. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-416569

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: revisar os aspectos microbiológicos, epidemiológicos, clínicos e de prevenção da gastroenterite por rotavírus. Metodologia: foram consultadas as publicações mais relevantes dos últimos 30 anos em periódicos especializados nacionais e internacionais (banco de dados: Medline e Lilacs). Conclusões: os rotavirus constituem a principal causa de diarréia severa na infância,tanto em países desenvolvidos como naqueles em desenvolvimento. O efetivo controle da doença será alcançado com uma vacina eficaz, para uso em larga escala, e que assegure a proteção conra os episódios diarréicos mais severos, particularmente nos dois primeiros anos de vida. Após a suspensão do uso da vacina tetravalente de origem símio-humana, novas candidatas têm surgido como perspectiva profilática. A contínua vigilância das amostras de rotavírus circulantes é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de uma vacina segura e eficaz.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Child, Preschool , Diarrhea, Infantile , Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology , Rotavirus Infections/prevention & control
8.
Pesqui. odontol. bras ; 17(3): 206-211, jul.-set. 2003. graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-352214

ABSTRACT

The effectiveness of oral midazolam in pediatric dentistry is controversial. This randomized, controlled, crossover, double blind clinical trial was conducted in order to study the effect of midazolam, used either alone or in association with hydroxyzine, during child dental treatment. Thirty seven dental sedation sessions were carried out on 11 ASA I uncooperative children less than five years-old. In each appointment children were randomly assigned to groups: P - placebo, M - midazolam (1.0 mg/kg), or MH - midazolam (0.75 mg/kg) plus hydroxyzine (2.0 mg/kg). Vital signs (blood pressure, breathing rate, pulse and oxygen saturation) and behavior parameters (consciousness, crying, movement, overall behavior) were evaluated every 15 minutes. Friedman and Wilcoxon statistical tests were used to compare groups and different moments in the same group. Normal values of vital signs were usually registered. Heart rate increased in groups P and M as the session went on. Group M presented less crying and movement at the first 15 minutes of treatment. Group MH caused more drowsiness at the beginning of the session. Overall behavior was better in group M than in groups P or MH. Group M produced effective sedation in 77 percent of the cases, and group MH did so in 30.8 percent. It was concluded that midazolam was effective and safe, and its association with hydroxyzine did not lead to additional advantages in pediatric dental sedation


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Conscious Sedation , Hydroxyzine , Pediatric Dentistry
9.
São Paulo; s.n; 2003. [112] p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-415789

ABSTRACT

O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar rotavírus e avaliar a gravidade da doença diarréica em relação aos genotipos identificados. 77 amostras de Rotavirus A foram obtidos a partir de 207 espécimes fecais de crianças com diarréia aguda em Goiânia, Goiás, os quais foram submetidos à genotipagem G e P (RT-PCR and Nested-PCR). As crianças com positividade para Rotavirus A apresentaram quadro clínico mais grave (p<0,001) que as crianças negativas para este agente. Não foi observado diferença em gravidade clínica em relação aos diferentes genótipos G e P identificados. Nenhuma reinfecção por rotavírus ocorreu nas 40 crianças seguidas durante um ano / The aim of this study was to identify rotavirus and to determine G and P genotypes of viral strains related to clinical severity and outcome. 77 Group A rotavirus samples were obtained from fecal samples from 207 children with acute diarrhoea in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil and analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR and Nested-PCR) for G and P typing. The children with positivity for Rotavirus A show clinical symptoms more severe (p<0.001) than negative children for this agent. It wasn’t observed diference in relation to severity and genotypes G and P identified. During one year of follow-up wasn’t observed reinfection of rotavirus in 40 children...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diarrhea, Infantile/pathology , Rotavirus Infections/diagnosis , Rotavirus/classification , Child , Clinical Evolution , Follow-Up Studies , Genotype
10.
Pediatria (Säo Paulo) ; 22(1): 21-8, jan.-mar. 2000. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-279801

ABSTRACT

A Doenca de Kawasaki destaca-se pelas potenciais sequelas cardiovasculares, caracterizadas pela formacao de aneurisma coronariano. O objetivo do presente trabalho e descrever as caracteristicas dos criterios clinicos, das manifestacoes associadas, das alteracoes laboratoriais e das complicacoes cardiovasculares da Doenca de Kawasaki em 36 pacientes, acompanhados no Instituo da Crianca do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo. As seguintes caracteristicas clinicas estiveram presentes na...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Infant , Child , Coronary Aneurysm/etiology , Biomarkers/analysis , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/complications , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/diagnosis , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/immunology , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/therapy
11.
In. Corrêa, Maria Salete Nahás Pires. Odontopediatria na primeira infância. Säo Paulo, Santos, 1998. p.261-70, tab.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-250236
12.
Rev. odontopediatr ; 5(4): 139-45, out.-dez. 1997.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-211020

ABSTRACT

O conhecimento da terapêutica medicamentosa aplicada à odontopediatria, ainda que seja imprescindível ao atendimento odontológico infantil, é negligenciado e temido por grande parte dos profissionais que se propöem a atender crianças. O presente trabalho visou avaliar, mediante a distribuiçäo de questionários de perguntas e respostas objetivas a cirurgiöes-dentistas, aspectos gerais referentes à utilizaçäo de medicamentos na prática odontopediátrica. Concluiu-se que há deficiências pertinentes ao assunto, as quais devem ser supridas mediante a reformulaçäo dos currículos odontológicos


Subject(s)
Pediatric Dentistry , Analgesics , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Drug Prescriptions , General Practice, Dental , Surveys and Questionnaires
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